Связь между когнитивными процессами и развитием речи: систематический обзор и интегративная модель
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Аннотация
Статья представляет собой систематический обзор и теоретический анализ взаимосвязи между когнитивными процессами и развитием речи на различных этапах онтогенеза. На основе анализа 214 рецензируемых публикаций за период 2010–2025 гг. из баз данных Scopus, Web of Science и PubMed разработана интегративная модель, описывающая механизмы взаимодействия когнитивных функций (внимания, памяти, мышления, восприятия) и речевых компетенций. Результаты систематического обзора свидетельствуют о существовании двунаправленной связи между когнитивным и речевым развитием: когнитивные процессы выступают предикторами речевого развития (r = 0,54–0,78), а речевые навыки, в свою очередь, оказывают значимое влияние на формирование высших когнитивных функций (r = 0,41–0,63). Предложенная четырёхкомпонентная интегративная модель включает: нейрофизиологический базис, когнитивные механизмы-предикторы, речевые компетенции и средовые модераторы. Обсуждаются теоретические и практические импликации для психологии развития, нейропсихологии и логопедической практики. Сформулированы направления дальнейших исследований, включая лонгитюдные кросс-культурные исследования и нейровизуализационные протоколы.
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